USITC Releases USTR-Requested Report on U.S. Aluminum and Steel Emissions Intensities - U.S. International Trade Commission

The U.S. International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC) today released a U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)-requested report that calculates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensities of U.S. steel and aluminum industries. The report, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensities of the U.S. Steel and Aluminum Industries at the Product Level, was requested by the USTR in a letter received on June 5, 2023. 

USTR’s request letter asked the USITC to:

• Calculate the GHG emissions intensity of steel and aluminum produced in the United States by product category in 2022, with data on scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. 
• Describe the methodologies the USITC used to collect relevant information and calculate the emissions intensity estimates.
• Identify where emissions occur during manufacturing, with respect to the production stages and sourcing location of inputs. 

To gather data for the calculation of product-level emissions intensity estimates, the USITC surveyed all U.S. facilities that produced the steel and aluminum products covered under the section 232 investigation in 2022.

This report conveys the Commission’s factual findings and analyses. The Commission makes no recommendations on policy or other matters in this report. 

Major Findings of the Investigation

The processes and inputs used in U.S. steel and aluminum production drive their emission intensities.

Semifinished Steel

The average emissions intensity estimate for U.S. carbon and other alloy semifinished steel was 1.02 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per metric ton of steel (mt CO2e/mt steel) in 2022.

• The emissions intensities estimates of U.S. carbon and alloy steel products are primarily influenced by two factors: 
• The production pathway (the more emissions-intensive blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace, or BF-BOF, pathway, versus the electric arc furnace, or EAF, pathway) used to produce the semifinished steel, which is used as substrate in mill products.
• The relative use of emissions-intensive upstream material inputs like pig iron and direct reduced iron.
• The average emissions intensity for U.S. stainless steel semifinished steel was 2.23 mt CO2e/mt steel in 2022. The emissions intensity of U.S. stainless steel products is mainly influenced by the reliance on emissions-intensive ferroalloy (an alloy of iron with a significant amount of one or more other elements, like chromium or nickel) inputs. All U.S. stainless semifinished steel-producing facilities reported operating an EAF. Therefore, variation in the production pathway does not drive emissions intensities for stainless steel.

Steel Mill Products

Average emissions intensities among carbon and alloy steel mill products ranged between 0.67 mt CO2e/mt steel for hot-worked long products and 2.17 mt CO2e/mt steel for coated flat products. Average emissions intensities among stainless steel mill products ranged between 2.31 mt CO2e/mt steel for hot-rolled flat and 4.55 mt CO2e/mt steel for wire.

• Further downstream steel products generally had higher emissions intensities than less-processed steel products. This is because each subsequent process in steel production involves more steps and therefore more opportunities for emissions.
• For carbon and alloy steel mill products, the most emissions-intensive processes in the U.S. steel industry occur during the upstream production of pig iron and semifinished steel. The additional subprocesses used to produce downstream products are also significant, however, leading to meaningful differences in emissions intensities across the carbon and alloy steel product categories.
• Stainless steel mill products are more emissions intensive than their carbon and alloy steel counterparts. This is due to the heavier use of energy and ferroalloys associated with stainless steel production.

Unwrought Aluminum

The average emissions intensity for all U.S. unwrought aluminum is 3.46 mt CO2e/mt aluminum. U.S. unwrought aluminum includes primary aluminum, which is produced from alumina at smelters using electrolysis, and secondary aluminum, which is produced by remelting primary aluminum and scrap-based inputs. Most U.S. unwrought production, in terms of volume and number of facilities, is of secondary unwrought aluminum.

• The average emissions intensity for U.S. primary unwrought aluminum is 14.52 mt CO2e/mt aluminum. The main drivers of the emissions intensity of primary unwrought aluminum are:
• The large quantities of electricity needed for electrolysis. 
• The fuel mix used to generate high quantities of the necessary electricity.
• The average emissions intensity for U.S. secondary unwrought aluminum is 2.46 mt CO2e/mt aluminum. Production of secondary unwrought aluminum is much less energy intensive, using a fraction of the electricity of primary unwrought production. The emissions intensity of secondary unwrought aluminum is influenced by the amount of primary unwrought aluminum versus scrap used as inputs and, to a lesser extent, by the efficiency of the furnaces used to heat the metal.

Wrought Aluminum

The average emissions intensities for U.S. wrought aluminum products ranged from 4.97 mt CO2e/mt aluminum for plates, sheets and strip, to 8.66 mt CO2e/mt aluminum for foil. The two main factors that drive the differences in emissions intensities between wrought product categories are the:

• Amount of primary versus secondary unwrought aluminum used. 
• Energy intensity of the various manufacturing processes.

Note: The Commission’s emissions intensity estimates for both steel and aluminum are calculated assuming that scrap inputs have zero embedded emissions.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensities of the U.S. Steel and Aluminum Industries at the Product Level (Investigation No. 332-598, USITC Publication 5584, February 2025) is available on the USITC website at https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub5584.pdf.

About Factfinding Investigations

USITC general factfinding investigations culminating in a report, such as this one, cover matters related to tariffs, trade and competitiveness and are generally conducted under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930 at the request of the U.S. Trade Representative, the House Committee on Ways and Means or the Senate Committee on Finance. The resulting reports convey the Commission’s objective findings and independent analyses on the subjects investigated. The Commission makes no recommendations on policy or other matters in its general factfinding reports. Upon completion of each investigation, the USITC submits its findings and analyses to the requester. General factfinding investigation reports are subsequently released to the public unless they are classified by the requester for national security reasons.
 

USTR Seeks Public Comment on Proposed Actions in Section 301 Investigation of China’s Targeting of the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance - Office of U.S. International Trade Representative

Washington, DC – The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is inviting comments from the public on proposed Section 301 actions aimed to obtain the elimination of China’s acts, policies, and practices targeting the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors for dominance. In this Section 301 investigation, USTR has found China’s acts, policies, and practices to be unreasonable and to burden or restrict US commerce.

To obtain the elimination of China’s acts, policies, and practices, and in light of China’s market power over global supply, pricing, and access in the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors, USTR proposes to impose certain fees and restrictions on international maritime transport services related to Chinese ship operators and Chinese-built ships, as well as to promote the transport of U.S. goods on U.S. vessels.  USTR invites comments from any interested person on the proposed actions.

USTR will hold a public hearing about the proposed actions on March 24, 2025, in the main hearing room at the International Trade Commission.

The deadline to submit a request to appear at the hearing is March 10, 2025.

The deadline for submission of comments is March 24, 2025.

To view the Federal Register Notice, click here. 

Background

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act), is designed to address unfair foreign practices affecting U.S. commerce.  The Section 301 provisions of the Trade Act provide a domestic procedure through which interested persons may petition the U.S. Trade Representative to investigate a foreign government act, policy, or practice and take appropriate action.  Section 301(b) may be used to respond to unreasonable or discriminatory foreign government acts, policies, and practices that burden or restrict U.S. commerce.

On March 12, 2024, five national labor unions filed a petition requesting an investigation into the acts, policies, and practices of China targeting the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors for dominance.  The five petitioner unions are:

• the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, AFL-CIO CLC (“USW”);
• the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (“IAM”);
• the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers, AFL-CIO/CLC (“IBB”);
• the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (“IBEW”); and
• the Maritime Trades Department, AFL-CIO (“MTD”).

The petition was filed pursuant to Section 302(a)(1) of the Trade Act, requesting action pursuant to Section 301(b).

Pursuant to Section 302(a)(2) of the Trade Act, the U.S. Trade Representative reviewed the allegations in the petition and determined to initiate an investigation regarding the issues raised in the petition.  On April 17, 2024, the U.S. Trade Representative requested consultations with the government of China. 

In light of the information obtained during the investigation and taking into account public comments, as well as the advice of the interagency Section 301 Committee and advisory committees, the U.S. Trade Representative determined that China’s targeting of the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors for dominance is actionable under Sections 301(b) and 304(a) of the Trade Act.  The U.S. Trade Representative found that China’s targeting for dominance is unreasonable and burdens or restricts U.S. commerce.

Specifically, USTR found China’s targeting for dominance unreasonable because it displaces foreign firms, deprives market-oriented businesses and their workers of commercial opportunities, and lessens competition and creates dependencies on China, increasing risk and reducing supply chain resilience. China’s targeting for dominance is also unreasonable because of Beijing’s extraordinary control over its economic actors and these sectors.

USTR found that China’s targeting for dominance burdens or restricts U.S. commerce by undercutting business opportunities for and investments in the U.S. maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors; restricting competition and choice; creating economic security risks from dependence and vulnerabilities in sectors critical to the functioning of the U.S. economy; and undermining supply chain resilience.

A copy of the petition and other public documents associated with this investigation are available here. USTR’s public report on the investigation is available here, and the U.S. Trade Representative’s determination is available here.
 

Federal Register Notices:

• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations Orders or Reviews: Vertical Metal File Cabinets From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Glass Wine Bottles From China and Mexico
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Stainless Steel Flanges From India: Final Results of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review; 2022
• Certain Softwood Lumber Products From Canada: Final Results of Countervailing Duty Changed Circumstances Review
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Certain Motorized Self-Balancing Vehicles; Notice of Institution of Investigation
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Laminated Woven Sacks From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders
• Certain Steel Nails From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order
• Alloy and Certain Carbon Steel Threaded Rod From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order
• Certain Corrosion-Resistant Steel Products From Canada: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination and Alignment of Final Determination With Final Antidumping Duty Determination; Correction
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: In the Matter of Certain Electronic Computing Devices and Components Thereof; Notice of Request for Submissions on the Public Interest
• Certain Stilbenic Optical Brightening Agents From China and Taiwan
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Sodium Nitrite From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Countervailing Duty Order
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Tungsten Shot From China; Scheduling of the Final Phase of Countervailing Duty and Antidumping Duty Investigations
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Vertical Metal File Cabinets From China; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year Reviews
   

$1.4M in Fake Sports Merchandise Seized by Cincinnati CBP - U.S. Customs & Border Protection

Port of CINCINNATI – Last month leading up to Super Bowl LIX, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officers in Cincinnati seized 85 shipments containing over 4,000 pieces of counterfeit sports merchandise and memorabilia. If the merchandise—which primarily came from China and Hong Kong—had been genuine, its Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) would have been over $1.43 million.

During the week of January 27, officers inspected packages during an operation focusing on counterfeit sports merchandise and memorabilia such as jerseys, hats, coins, jewelry, footwear, and bags. Among the 85 shipments that were seized, 30 of those held counterfeit NFL, MLB and MLS jerseys with an astounding total value of $232,000, had the goods been genuine. These packages contained merchandise that infringed on the protected trademarks of professional sports teams such as Detroit Lions, Baltimore Ravens, Kansas City Chiefs, Al-Nassr FC, Atlanta Braves, and Seattle Mariners to name a few.

“I’m extremely proud of our officers’ determination in stopping illicit shipments, and our commitment to protecting the American economy,” said LaFonda D. Sutton-Burke, Director, Field Operations, Chicago Field Office. “Shipments like these prey on the many sports fans across the nation who may be tricked into paying high prices for these inferior products.”

One of the shipments discovered by officers contained 156 NFL Baltimore Ravens jerseys enroute to a residence in Jensen Beach, Florida. Officers determined the jerseys to be counterfeit based upon several factors including the routing, cheap materials used, lack of fine details, and packaging. Had the jerseys been authentic, the MSRP would have been over $27,000.

Another shipment was intercepted that held 80 NFL Las Vegas Raiders memorabilia coins. The coins were destined to a residence located in Eglin AFB, Florida. If the counterfeit coins—which came from Hong Kong— had they been genuine, their MSRP would have been $3,200.

All the merchandise seized were determined to be counterfeit by CBP’s Centers for Excellence and Expertise, the agency’s trade experts.

“CBP promotes fair and compliant trade,” said Cincinnati Port Director Eric Zizelman. “Buying these dupes not only supports criminal organizations but defrauds legitimate American businesses. Our officers here in Cincinnati work 24 hours a day detecting and intercepting threats on American consumers.”

CBP provides basic import information about admissibility requirements and the clearance process for e-commerce goods and encourages buyers to confirm that their purchases and the importation of those purchases comply with state and federal import regulations.

The dangers of buying counterfeit products aren’t always obvious to consumers. Particularly, when shopping online, beware of counterfeit goods. Fake goods can lead to real dangers. For more information, visit The Truth Behind Counterfeits page.

Suspected intellectual property rights violations, fraud, or illegal trade activity can be reported by contacting CBP through the e-Allegations Online Trade Violations Reporting System or by calling 1-800-BE-ALERT. Violations can also be reported to the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center at https://www.iprcenter.gov/referral/ or by telephone at 1-866-IPR-2060.
 

CBP Birmingham Intercepts 200,000 Counterfeit U.S. Forever Stamps - U.S. Customs & Border Protection

BIRMINGHAM, AL – U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) operations at the Port of Birmingham led to a large seizure of counterfeit U.S. Forever Stamps, preventing hundreds of thousands of fraudulent stamps from entering postal circulation.

The Port of Birmingham operation resulted in the seizure of 200,0000 counterfeit U.S. Forever Stamps from Hong Kong, with a suggested retail price of $146,000.

During an operation at a local sorting facility, CBP officers selected two packages for inspection based on specific criteria. Upon inspection, the packages’ contents looked authentic but further examination revealed the stamps inside were deemed counterfeit and in violation of multiple Intellectual Property Right (IPR) laws.

CBP officers are highly trained to detect and identify IPR violations to protect the American public. Counterfeit goods harm consumers, retailers, trademark holders, and the U.S. economy.

“Protecting America begins with the shared commitment and determination of dedicated CBP Officers, Agriculture Specialists, and support staff. Together, they play a vital role in safeguarding consumers and businesses from counterfeit goods. Economic security is national security.” Said Steve Robinson, CBP Birmingham Port Director.

While counterfeiting is a worldwide issue, China and Hong Kong accounted for approximately 90% of the total CBP IPR quantity seized in FY24.

CBP continues working with Homeland Security Investigations agents and U.S. Postal Inspectors to halt attempts to unlawfully import counterfeit U.S. Forever Stamps.

CBP's border security mission is led at our nation’s Ports of Entry by CBP officers and agriculture specialists from the Office of Field Operations. CBP screens international travelers and cargo and searches for illicit narcotics, unreported currency, weapons, counterfeit consumer goods, prohibited agriculture, invasive weeds and pests, and other illicit products that could potentially harm the American public, U.S. businesses, and our nation’s safety and economic vitality.
 

Treasury Imposes Additional Sanctions on Iran’s Shadow Fleet as Part of Maximum Pressure Campaign - U.S. Department of Treasury

WASHINGTON — Today, the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), and the U.S. Department of State are imposing sanctions on over 30 persons and vessels in multiple jurisdictions for their role in brokering the sale and transportation of Iranian petroleum-related products. Among those sanctioned today are oil brokers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Hong Kong, tanker operators and mangers in India and People’s Republic of China (PRC), the head of Iran’s National Iranian Oil Company, and the Iranian Oil Terminals Company, whose operations help finance Iran’s destabilizing activities. The vessels sanctioned today are responsible for shipping tens of millions of barrels of crude oil valued in the hundreds of millions of dollars.

“Iran continues to rely on a shadowy network of vessels, shippers, and brokers to facilitate its oil sales and fund its destabilizing activities,” said Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent. “The United States will use all our available tools to target all aspects of Iran’s oil supply chain, and anyone who deals in Iranian oil exposes themselves to significant sanctions risk.”

Today’s action is being taken pursuant to Executive Orders 13902 and 13846, which target Iran’s petroleum and petrochemical sectors, and marks the second round of sanctions targeting Iranian oil sales since the President issued National Security Presidential Memorandum 2 on February 4, 2025, ordering a campaign of maximum pressure on Iran and to reduce Iran’s oil exports to zero. 

OVERSIGHT OF IRANIAN OIL EXPORTS

Hamid Bovard serves as Iran’s Deputy Minister of Petroleum and chief executive officer of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), which is responsible for the exploration, production, refining, and export of oil and petroleum products in Iran. Through its direct oversight of Iran’s oil industry, NIOC plays a key role in underwriting the regionally destabilizing activities of Iran’s military and its proxy groups, including the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force (IRGC-QF). The Iranian government allocates billions of dollars’ worth of oil each year to its armed forces to supplement their annual budget allocations.   

NIOC was designated pursuant to counterterrorism authority E.O. 13224, as amended, on October 26, 2020, for having materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, the IRGC-QF. 

The Iran-based Iranian Oil Terminals Company (IOTC), managed by Abbass Asadrouz, is a NIOC subsidiary that oversees all operations at Iran’s oil terminals, including Kharg Island Oil Terminal, through which a majority of Iranian oil flows, and South Pars Condensate Terminal, which accounts for 100 percent of Iran’s gas condensate exports. Sayyed Ali Miri and Gholamhossein Gerami manage the Kharg Island Oil Terminal and South Pars Condensate Terminal, respectively. Iran’s remaining oil exports depart from terminals along the Caspian Sea, including the North Oil Terminal, headed by Ali Moalemi. 

Hamid Bovard and the Iranian Oil Terminals Company are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13902 for operating in the petroleum sector of the Iranian economy. Sayyed Ali Miri, Ali Moalemi, Gholamhossein Gerami, and Abbass Asadrouz are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13902 for acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, IOTC. 

OIL BROKERS

Iran relies on brokers outside of Iran to facilitate the sale and transport of its crude oil to end users abroad, largely in the UAE and PRC. UAE-based Petroquimico FZE has purchased tens of millions of dollars’ worth of petroleum products from NIOC. In November 2024, Petroquimico FZE used the Barbados-flagged CASINOVA, which is also known as YING GE, (IMO: 9280366), owned, managed, and operated by Liberia-based Le Monde Marine Services Limited, to transport over 200,000 barrels of Iranian oil to the UAE. 

Similarly, Hong Kong-based oil broker Petronix Energy Trading Limited (Petronix Energy) has purchased hundreds of thousands of metric tons of Iranian oil from sanctioned Naftiran Intertrade Company, the marketing arm of NIOC, for onward shipment to the PRC. In 2024, Petronix Energy used the Panama-flagged MENG XIN (IMO 9271406) and the Cook Islands-flagged PHOENIX I (IMO 9236248), both of which are being identified by the State Department as blocked property today, to transport the oil.

Petroquimico FZE, Petronix Energy, and Le Monde Marine Services Limited are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13902 for operating in the petroleum sector of the Iranian economy. The CASINOVA is being identified pursuant to E.O. 13902 as property in which Le Monde Marine Services Limited has an interest.

SHADOW FLEET OIL SHIPMENTS

Sanctioned Iranian tankers rely on ship-to-ship transfers outside of jurisdictional port limits with non-sanctioned vessels to transport petroleum to foreign customers, obfuscating the oil’s Iranian origin. In September 2024, the Panama-flagged URGANE I (IMO: 9231901), managed and operated by PRC-based Nycity Shipmanagement Co Ltd (Nycity Shipmanagement), loaded Iranian Pars crude oil via a ship-to-ship transfer with a tanker owned by the sanctioned National Iranian Tanker Company. URGANE I has transported multiple Iranian petroleum shipments to the PRC. Like Nycity Shipmanagement, India-based Flux Maritime LLP has served as the technical manager of a vessel that loaded hundreds of thousands of barrels of heavy Iranian crude oil via a ship-to-ship transfer.

Flux Maritime LLP and Nycity Shipmanagement Co Ltd are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13902 for operating in Iran’s petroleum sector. The URGANE I is being identified as property in which Nycity Shipmanagement Co Ltd has an interest.

The Panama-flagged tankers LYDIA II (IMO: 9365776), AYDEN (IMO: 9365764), and FIONA (IMO: 9365752) have transported multiple shipments of Iranian oil to refineries in the PRC. Seychelles-based shell companies Sunny Land Trading Ltd, Green Garden Trading Ltd, and Artemis Heart Ltd serve as the owners, managers, and operators of the LYDIA II, the AYDEN, and the FIONA, respectively.

Sunny Land Trading Ltd, Green Garden Ltd, and Artemis Heart Ltd are being designated pursuant to E.O. 13902, for operating in petroleum sector of the Iranian economy. The LYDIA II is being identified as property in which Sunny Land Trading Ltd has an interest. The AYDEN is being identified as property in which Green Garden Trading Ltd has an interest. The FIONA is being identified as property in which Artemis Heart Ltd has an interest.

STATE DEPARTMENT DESIGNATIONS

The U.S. Department of State is designating eight entities based in Iran, India, Malaysia, Seychelles, and the UAE for their involvement in the sale, purchase, and transportation of Iranian petroleum. Additionally, eight vessels are being identified as blocked property in which these entities have an interest.

Iran-based Kangan Petro Refining Company; India-based BSM Marine Limited Liability Partnership, Austinship Management Private Limited, Cosmos Lines Inc; UAE-based Alkonost Maritime DMCC and Octane Energy Group FZCO; Malaysia-based IMS Ltd; and Seychelles-based Oceanend Shipping Ltd are being designated pursuant to E.O 13846 for having knowingly engaged in a significant transaction for the purchase, acquisition, sale, transport, or marketing of petroleum or petroleum products, or petrochemical products from Iran. 

The Gabon-flagged YATEEKA (IMO: 9191553) is being identified pursuant to E.O. 13846 as property in which BSM Marine Limited Liability Partnership has an interest. The Cook Islands-flagged MENG XIN (IMO: 9271406) and PHOENIX I (IMO: 9236248) are being identified pursuant to E.O. 13846 as property in which Alkonost Maritime DMCC has an interest. The Eswatini-flagged AMAK (IMO: 9244635) is being identified pursuant to E.O. 13846 as property in which Austinship Management Private Limited has an interest. The Panama-flagged VIOLET 1 (IMO: 9154000), PETERPAUL (IMO: 9163269) and CHAMTANG (IMO: 9212400) are being identified pursuant to E.O. 13846 as property in which IMS Ltd has an interest. The Gambia-flagged ASTERIX (IMO: 9181194) is being identified pursuant to E.O. 13846 as property in which Oceanend Shipping Ltd has an interest. 

SANCTIONS IMPLICATIONS

As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of the designated person(s) described above that are in the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons is/are blocked and must be reported to OFAC. In addition, any entities that are owned, directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by one or more blocked persons are also blocked. Unless authorized by a general or specific license issued by OFAC or exempt, U.S. sanctions generally prohibit all transactions by U.S. persons or within (or transiting) the United States that involve any property or interests in property of designated or otherwise blocked persons.

Violations of U.S. sanctions may result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties on U.S. and foreign persons. OFAC may impose civil penalties for sanctions violations on a strict liability basis. OFAC’s Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines  provide more information regarding OFAC’s enforcement of U.S. economic sanctions. In addition, financial institutions and other persons may risk exposure to sanctions for engaging in certain transactions or activities with designated or otherwise blocked persons.

The power and integrity of OFAC sanctions derive not only from OFAC’s ability to designate and add persons to the SDN List, but also from its willingness to remove persons from the SDN List consistent with the law. The ultimate goal of sanctions is not to punish, but to bring about a positive change in behavior. For information concerning the process for seeking removal from an OFAC list, including the SDN List, please refer to OFAC’s Frequently Asked Question 897 here and to submit a request for removal, click here.

View identifying information on the individuals and entities designated today.
 

USITC Institutes Section 337 Investigation of Certain Glass Substrates for Liquid Crystal Displays, Products Containing the Same, and Methods for Manufacturing the Same (II) - U.S. International Trade Commission

The U.S. International Trade Commission (Commission or USITC) voted to institute an investigation of certain glass substrates for liquid crystal displays, products containing the same, and methods for manufacturing the same. The products at issue in the investigation are described in the Commission’s notice of investigation.

The investigation is based on a complaint filed by Corning Incorporated of Corning, N.Y., on January 31, 2025. A supplement was filed on February 3, 2025. The complaint, as supplemented, alleges violations of section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 in the importation into the United States and sale of certain glass substrates for liquid crystal displays, products containing the same, and methods for manufacturing he same that infringe patents asserted by the complainant. The complainant requests that the USITC issue a limited exclusion order and cease and desist orders.

The USITC has identified the following respondents in this investigation:

• Caihong Display Devices Co., Ltd., d/b/a Irico Display Devices Co., Ltd., Xianyang City, China
• HKC Corporation Ltd., Shenzhen City, China
• HKC Overseas Ltd., Hong Kong
• Hisense USA Corporation., Suwanee, Ga.
• LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
• TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.., Shenzhen City, China
• TTE Technology, Inc. d/b/a TCL America, Irvine, Calif.
• VIZIO, Inc., Irvine, Calif.
• Xianyang CaiHong Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Xianyang City, China

By instituting this investigation (337-TA-1441), the USITC has not yet made any decision on the merits of the case. The USITC’s Chief Administrative Law Judge will assign the case to one of the USITC’s administrative law judges (ALJ), who will schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing. The ALJ will make an initial determination as to whether there is a violation of section 337; that initial determination is subject to review by the Commission.

The USITC will make a final determination in the investigation at the earliest practicable time. Within 45 days after institution of the investigation, the USITC will set a target date for completing the investigation. USITC remedial orders in section 337 cases are effective when issued and become final 60 days after issuance unless disapproved for policy reasons by the U.S. Trade Representative within that 60-day period.

U.S. Trade Representative Announces 2025 Trade Policy Agenda - Office of U.S. International Trade Representative

WASHINGTON – United States Trade Representative Jamieson Greer delivered President Trump’s 2025 Trade Policy Agenda, 2024 Annual Report, and World Trade Organization at Thirty report to Congress.

The agenda lays out the Administration’s vision for trade, describing the economic and national security challenges facing the United States and articulates a plan for rebalancing trade to address those challenges, including the work required by the President’s America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum.

The 2024 Annual Report gives a summary of the activities undertaken by the Office of the USTR during the previous year. The WTO at Thirty report assesses U.S. interests at the WTO, in particular describing the challenges facing the institution and the need for reform.

“The United States faces unprecedented economic and national security challenges. President Trump has set out a plan to tackle those challenges in his America First Trade Policy Presidential Memorandum,” said Ambassador Greer. “Today’s Trade Agenda lays out the thinking and vision that undergird that plan. The current moment demands action to put America First on trade, and the Trade Agenda explains the importance of President Trump’s trade policy to American workers and businesses.”

To read President Trump’s 2025 Trade Policy Agenda, click here.

Background

Congress requires the U.S. Trade Representative to submit the President’s Trade Policy Agenda and Annual Report by March 1 each year. The Trade Policy Agenda and Annual Report were prepared according to guidelines established under the Trade Act of 1974, as amended.

The U.S. Trade Representative is required to submit a report to Congress every five years examining the WTO, pursuant to Section 125 of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994.

Federal Register Notices:

• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Initiation of Five-Year (Sunset) Reviews
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation; Advance Notification of Sunset Review
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Small Diameter Graphite Electrodes From China; Institution of a Five-Year Review
• Wooden Cabinets and Vanities From China; Institution of Five-Year Reviews
• Certain Surface Cleaning Devices and Components Thereof; Notice of a Commission Determination Not To Review an Initial Determination Granting a Joint Motion To Terminate the Investigation Based on Settlement; Termination of Investigation
• Sugar From Mexico; Institution of Five-Year Reviews
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Steel Propane Cylinders From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2022-2023
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation; Opportunity To Request Administrative Review and Join Annual Inquiry Service List
• Sales at Less Than Fair Value; Determinations, Investigations, etc.: Thermoformed Molded Fiber Products From the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Postponement of Preliminary Determinations in the Less-Than-Fair-Value Investigations
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Chassis and Subassemblies From Mexico, Thailand, and Vietnam; Institution of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Aluminum Wire and Cable From China; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year Reviews
• Welded Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe From China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year Reviews
• Certain Video Capable Electronic Devices, Including Computers, Streaming Devices, Televisions, and Components and Modules Thereof; Notice of Commission Determination To Ratify the Prior Commission Actions in This Investigation and Review a Final Initial Determination of Violation of Section 337; Schedule for Filing Written Submissions on Certain Issues Under Review and Remedy, the Public Interest, and Bonding; Extension of the Target Date
• Certain Computing Devices Utilizing Indexed Search Systems and Components Thereof; Notice of Request for Submissions on the Public Interest
• Implementation of Duties on Steel Pursuant to Proclamation 10896 Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States
• Implementation of Duties on Aluminum Pursuant to Proclamation 10895 Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells, Whether or Not Assembled Into Modules, From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Final Results of Changed Circumstances Reviews; Correction
• Mattresses From Indonesia: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With the Final Determination of Antidumping Duty Investigation; Notice of Amended Final Determination; and Notice of Revocation of Antidumping Order
• Vertical Metal File Cabinets From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Review of the Countervailing Duty Order
• Certain Softwood Lumber Products From Canada: Preliminary Results of the Administrative Review; 2023
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Steel Nails From China; Scheduling of an Expedited Five-Year Review
• Steel Racks From China
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Certain Softwood Lumber Products From Canada: Final Results of Countervailing Duty Changed Circumstances Review
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Certain Dermatological Treatment Devices and Components Thereof; Notice of Commission Determination To Review in Part a Final Initial Determination Finding a Violation of Section 337; Request for Written Submissions on the Issues Under Review and on Remedy, the Public Interest, and Bonding
• Temporary Steel Fencing From China
• Certain Components for Injection Molding Machines, and Products Containing the Same; Notice of a Commission Determination Not To Review an Initial Determination Finding Respondent Ningbo AO Sheng Mold Co., Ltd. in Default; Request for Written Submissions on Remedy, the Public Interest, and Bonding
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Certain Malleable Cast Iron Pipe Fittings From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited Fourth Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order
• Circular Welded Austenitic Stainless Pressure Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of Expedited Third Sunset Review of the Countervailing Duty Order
• Circular Welded Austenitic Stainless Pressure Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited Third Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order
• Hexamethylenetetramine From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination and Alignment of Final Determination With Final Antidumping Duty Determination
• Acetone From Belgium, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the Republic of South Africa, and Spain: Final Results of the First Expedited Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Orders
• Stilbenic Optical Brightening Agents From the People's Republic of China and Taiwan: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Orders
• Hexamethylenetetramine From India: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination and Alignment of Final Determination With Final Antidumping Duty Determination

U.S. Commerce Department Preliminary Results of Softwood Lumber from Canada Antidumping Duty Administrative Review - U.S.International Trade Administration

WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Department of Commerce announced its preliminary decision in the sixth administrative review of the antidumping duty order on softwood lumber from Canada.  Administrative reviews are conducted once a year at the request of an interested party after an antidumping duty or countervailing duty order is put into effect. This review covers imports of softwood lumber from Canada that entered into the United States during the period of January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023.

The Department of Commerce preliminarily determined that softwood lumber from Canada was being dumped into the United States at preliminary margin rates ranging from 9.48 percent to 34.61 percent.  These preliminary margin rates are, on average, larger than the final antidumping margin rates determined in the previous administrative review.  Notably, the preliminary margin rate for non-selected companies, which applies to most Canadian companies, increased to 20.07 percent, up from the 7.66 percent determined in the previous administrative review. These preliminary margin rates are not final, however, and could be modified in the final results of this administrative review.  The Department of Commerce will announce its final results later this year, and the duty rates determined in the final administrative review results will apply to all entries after that date. Commerce is scheduled to announce the preliminary decision in the administrative review of the countervailing duty order, covering January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, later this spring.

More information about these proceedings can be found by referring to case number A-122-857 and C-122-858 in Commerce’s Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS) at access.trade.gov for the antidumping duty and countervailing duty orders, respectively. 

Executive Order: Addressing The Threat To National Security from Imports of Timber, Lumber - White House

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862) (Trade Expansion Act), it is hereby ordered:

Section 1.  Policy.  The wood products industry, composed of timber, lumber, and their derivative products (such as paper products, furniture, and cabinetry) is a critical manufacturing industry essential to the national security, economic strength, and industrial resilience of the United States.  This industry plays a vital role in key downstream civilian industries, including construction.

The United States faces significant vulnerabilities in the wood supply chain from imported timber, lumber, and their derivative products being dumped onto the United States market.

The United States has ample timber resources.  The current United States softwood lumber industry has the practical production capacity to supply 95 percent of the United States’ 2024 softwood consumption.  Yet, since 2016 the United States has been a net importer of lumber.

Wood products are a key input used by both the civilian construction industry and the military.  Each year, the United States military spends over 10 billion dollars on construction.  The military also invests in innovative building material technology, including processes to create innovative wood products such as cross-laminated timber.  The procurement of these building materials depends on a strong domestic lumber industry and a manufacturing base capable of meeting both military-specific and wider civilian needs.

It is the policy of the United States to ensure reliable, secure, and resilient domestic supply chains of timber, lumber, and their derivative products.  Unfair subsidies and foreign government support for foreign timber, lumber, and their derivative products necessitate action under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act to determine whether imports of these products threaten to impair national security.

Sec. 2.  Investigation.  (a)  The Secretary of Commerce shall initiate an investigation under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act to determine the effects on the national security of imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products.

(b)  In conducting the investigation described in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of Commerce shall assess the factors set forth in 19 U.S.C. 1862(d), labeled “Domestic production for national defense; impact of foreign competition on economic welfare of domestic industries,” as well as other relevant factors, including:

(i)    the current and projected demand for timber and lumber in the United States;

(ii)   the extent to which domestic production of timber and lumber can meet domestic demand;

(iii)  the role of foreign supply chains, particularly of major exporters, in meeting United States timber and lumber demand;

(iv)   the impact of foreign government subsidies and predatory trade practices on United States timber, lumber, and derivative product industry competitiveness;

(v)    the feasibility of increasing domestic timber and lumber capacity to reduce imports; and

(vi)   the impact of current trade policies on domestic timber, lumber, and derivative product production, and whether additional measures, including tariffs or quotas, are necessary to protect national security.

Sec. 3.  Required Actions.  (a)  The Secretary of Commerce shall consult with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other relevant executive departments and agencies as determined by the Secretary of Commerce to evaluate the national security risks associated with imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products.

(b)  No later than 270 days after the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit a report to the President that includes:

(i)    findings on whether imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products threaten national security;

(ii)   recommendations on actions to mitigate such threats, including potential tariffs, export controls, or incentives to increase domestic production; and

(iii)  policy recommendations for strengthening the United States timber and lumber supply chain through strategic investments and permitting reforms.

Sec. 4.  Definitions.  As used in this order:

(a)  The term “timber” refers to wood that has not been processed.

(b)  The term “lumber” refers to wood that has been processed, including wood that has been milled and cut into boards or planks.

Sec. 5.  General Provisions.  (a)  Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i)   the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii)  the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b)  This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c)  This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Treasury Sanctions Head of Online Darknet Marketplace Tied to Fentanyl Sales - U.S. Department of Treasury

WASHINGTON —Today (3/4/25), the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctioned Iran-based Behrouz Parsarad (Parsarad), the sole administrator of Nemesis, an online darknet marketplace, which was subject of an international law enforcement operation and was taken down in 2024. Prior to its takedown by law enforcement, narcotics traffickers and cybercriminals openly traded in illegal drugs and services on Nemesis, which was designed with built-in money laundering features. Nemesis had over 30,000 active users and 1,000 vendors and facilitated the sale of nearly $30 million worth of drugs around the world between 2021 and 2024, including to the United States.  Today’s sanctions designation is OFAC’s first action as a member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)-led interagency Joint Criminal Opioid and Darknet Enforcement (JCODE) Team.

“As the administrator of the Nemesis darknet marketplace, Parsarad sought to build—and continues to try to re-establish—a safe haven to facilitate the production, sale, and shipment of illegal narcotics like fentanyl and other synthetic opioids,” said Acting Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Bradley T. Smith. “Treasury, in partnership with U.S. law enforcement, will use all available tools to dismantle these darknet marketplaces and hold accountable the individuals who oversee them.”

Today’s action, taken pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 14059, which targets proliferators of  narcotics and their means of production, underscores the United States’ commitment to combatting all means of supplying narcotics to the United States. Treasury remains focused on  the risks posed by darknet marketplaces, as highlighted in previous designations of Genesis Market on April 5, 2023, and of Hydra Market on April 5, 2022. According to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network’s (FinCEN) supplemental advisory published on June 20, 2024, criminal organizations use darknet marketplaces to sell precursor chemicals and manufacturing equipment used for the synthesis of fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, as well as to traffic fentanyl and other narcotics into the United States.

NEMESIS: A HAVEN FOR NARCOTICS

Canada Responds to Unjustified U.S. Tariffs on Canadian Steel and Aluminum Products - Government of Canada

March 12, 2025 - Ottawa, Ontario - Department of Finance Canada

Today, the Honourable Dominic LeBlanc, Minister of Finance and Intergovernmental Affairs, the Honourable Mélanie Joly, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry, outlined the Government of Canada’s response to the 25 per cent tariffs the U.S. unjustifiably imposed on all Canadian steel and aluminum products earlier today.

Following a dollar-for-dollar approach, Canada is imposing, as of 12:01 am, March 13, 2025, 25 per cent reciprocal tariffs on a list of steel products worth $12.6 billion and aluminum products worth $3 billion, as well as additional imported U.S. goods worth $14.2 billion, for a total of $29.8 billion. The list of additional products affected by counter tariffs includes tools, computers and servers, display monitors, sport equipment, and cast-iron products.

These tariffs are in addition to Canada’s 25 per cent counter tariffs on $30 billion of imports from the U.S., in response to U.S. International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) tariffs put in place on March 4. Unless U.S. IEEPA tariffs and other unjustified U.S. tariff threats are addressed, Canada will apply counter tariffs on additional imports from the U.S. on April 2 following the public comment period. The scope could also be further increased if new tariffs are imposed, and all options remain on the table for responding to unjustified tariffs on Canada.

With regards to the imposition of tariffs on the steel and aluminum content in certain derivative products by the U.S., the government is currently assessing this aspect of the U.S. tariffs and may impose further counter tariffs in response.

The government is also taking steps to mitigate the impact of these countermeasures on Canadian workers and businesses, including by ensuring that its recently established remission process will consider requests for exceptional relief from these new tariffs.

On March 7, 2025, the Government of Canada announced measures to support Canadian workers and businesses during these difficult and uncertain times. These measures include the Trade Impact Program through Export Development Canada to help exporters reach new markets and help companies navigate the economic challenges, favourably priced loans through the Business Development Bank of Canada to support impacted businesses in sectors directly targeted by tariffs, as well as companies in their supply chains, and new financing through Farm Credit Canada to reduce financial barriers for the Canadian agriculture and food industry.

In addition, the government introduced temporary flexibilities to the EI Work-Sharing Program to increase access and maximum agreement duration. This program provides EI benefits to employees who agree with their employer to work reduced hours due to a decrease in business activity beyond their employer’s control.

While we urge the U.S. administration to reconsider their decision to impose tariffs, Canada will remain firm in standing up for our jobs, our industries, and our workers.

In the weeks and months ahead, additional measures will be brought forward to support businesses and workers as needed. The federal government will also continue to work closely with provinces and territories to ensure complementary supports are in place across all jurisdictions.

Quotes
 

List of products from the United States subject to 25 per cent tariffs effective March 13, 2025
 

Federal Register Notices:

• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Carbon and Alloy Steel Threaded Rod From China, India, Taiwan, and Thailand; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year Reviews
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Carbon and Alloy Steel Threaded Rod From India, Taiwan, and Thailand: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Orders
• Silicon Metal From Malaysia: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2022-2023
• Disposable Aluminum Containers, Pans, Trays, and Lids From the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination and Final Affirmative Determination of Critical Circumstances
• Carbon and Alloy Steel Threaded Rod From India and the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Review of the Countervailing Duty Orders
• Aluminum Wire and Cable From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited First Sunset Review of the Countervailing Duty Order
• Notice of Scope Ruling Applications Filed in Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Proceedings
• Welded Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe Orders From Malaysia, Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final Results of the Expedited Second Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Orders
• Aluminum Wire and Cable From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the First Expedited Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Order
• Steel Racks and Parts Thereof, From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders
• Sales at Less Than Fair Value; Determinations, Investigations, etc.: Disposable Aluminum Containers, Pans, Trays, and Lids From the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Final Affirmative Determination of Critical Circumstances
• Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate From the People's Republic of China: Initiation of Less-Than-Fair-Value Investigation
• Overhead Door Counterbalance Torsion Springs From the People's Republic of China and India: Postponement of Preliminary Determinations in the Less-Than-Fair-Value Investigations
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Passenger Vehicle and Light Truck Tires From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With the Results of Antidumping Administrative Review; Notice of Amended Final Results
• Aluminum Extrusions From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Amended Final Scope Rulings Pursuant to Court Decision
• Investigations; Determinations, Modifications, and Rulings, etc.: Steel Trailer Wheels From China
• Certain Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan; Scheduling of a Full Five-Year Review
• Certification of Systems for Processing and Collecting Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum Articles Pursuant to the President's February 10, 2025 Proclamations
• Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Investigations, Orders, or Reviews: Thermoformed Molded Fiber Products From the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination and Alignment of Final Determination With Final Antidumping Duty Determination
• Thermoformed Molded Fiber Products From the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination, Preliminary Affirmative Critical Circumstances Determination, and Alignment of Final Determination With Final Antidumping Duty Determination
• Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Mexico: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With the Results of Antidumping Administrative Review; Notice of Amended Final Results
   

Baltimore CBP Officers Seize Over $72k in Counterfeit Vinyl Flooring Tiles from China - U.S. Customs & Border Protection

BALTIMORE – U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers seized over 10,000 cases of vinyl flooring tiles in Baltimore on February 25 after trademark holders confirmed that the trademarks were counterfeit. The shipment, had it been authentic, was valued at more than $72,422.

CBP officers initially examined the shipment of 10,400 boxes of United Diamond Core SPC vinyl flooring tiles on January 28 after it arrived from China. The shipment was destined to an address in Sheridan, Wyoming.

Officers suspected that the UL Greenguard certification mark and the L2C trademark were counterfeit and detained the flooring tiles on January 30.

CBP officers submitted product documentation and photographs to CBP’s trade experts at the Industrial and Manufacturing Materials Center of Excellence and Expertise (CEE) for analysis. CBP’s trade experts verified that the UL Greenguard and L2C markings were used without authorization. The counterfeit flooring tiles were subject to seizure pursuant to CBP’s statutory and regulatory authorities.

The UL Greenguard mark certifies that the product has low chemical emissions, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which pose serious health concerns to consumers. The L2C trademark is used as part of an industry authentication program designed to detect infringing flooring products.

Collectively, these certifications are designed to protect and assure consumers that the flooring tiles are safe, of advertised quality, and possess a valid manufacturer’s warranty.

“Consumers could be victimized twice by counterfeit products, such as these flooring tiles. The product could be manufactured using unsafe and substandard materials that pose health and safety threats, and counterfeit products void any associated manufacturer warranties for repair or replacement of inferior or damaged products,” said Adam Rottman, CBP’s Area Port Director for the Area Port of Baltimore. “Customs and Border Protection and our consumer safety partners urge consumers to protect themselves and their families by always buying authentic products from reputable vendors.”

The international trade in counterfeit consumer goods is illegal. It steals revenues from trademark holders, steals tax revenues from the government, funds transnational criminal organizations, and the unregulated products potentially threaten the health and safety of American consumers.

Counterfeiters manufacture consumer goods using substandard materials and parts that either break prematurely or that could hurt consumers. Counterfeit consumer goods may also be sourced or manufactured in facilities that employ forced labor.

For more information about the consequences and dangers often associated with the purchase of counterfeit goods visit the Truth Behind Counterfeits public awareness campaign website at CBP’s Fake Goods Real Dangers webpage.

CBP protects businesses and consumers every day through an aggressive Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) enforcement program. During fiscal year 2024, CBP recorded oner 32,000 seizures with an estimated manufacturer’s suggested retail price worth over $5.4 billion, had the goods been genuine.

News media can search for additional enforcement details by viewing CBP’s IPR webpage or by viewing CBP’s IPR Dashboard and CBP’s Annual IPR Seizures Reports.

U.S. trademark and copyright owners can register with CBP to have their intellectual property protected at the border through the through the e-Recordation program (https://iprr.cbp.gov/s/).

CBP's border security mission is led at our nation’s Ports of Entry by CBP officers and agriculture specialists from the Office of Field Operations. CBP screens international travelers and cargo and searches for illicit narcotics, unreported currency, weapons, counterfeit consumer goods, prohibited agriculture, invasive weeds and pests, and other illicit products that could potentially harm the American public, U.S. businesses, and our nation’s safety and economic vitality.
 

Philadelphia CBP Seizes Noncompliant Wheeled Tractor Shipped from China to Burlington County, NJ - U.S. Customs & Border Protection

PHILADELPHIA – U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers in Philadelphia seized a noncompliant wheeled backhoe tractor on Wednesday that was being shipped from China to a residence in Burlington County, N.J.

CBP officers inspected and detained the tractor on February 1 and requested additional product and import documentation from the import broker.

CBP officers and an EPA compliance officer inspected the tractor on February 11. The EPA compliance officer determined that the tractor’s engine was not certified by the EPA for use in the United States.

The EPA provided a determination letter to CBP on February 28 that the tractor violated the Clean Air Act and recommended that CBP seize the tractor.

The Clean Air Act prohibits importation into the United States of any motor vehicle, motor vehicle engine, nonroad engine and equipment that does not conform to the EPA emission standards and requirements. These standards apply to all vehicles and engines including imported motor vehicles, heavy-duty engines, nonroad engines, and recreational vehicles, whether they are new or used, or manufactured domestically or abroad.

CBP’s trade experts at the Automotive and Aerospace Center of Excellence and Expertise assessed the tractor at $7,679. CBP officers seized the tractor on Wednesday.

“The internet marketplace and global supply systems have made it easier for consumers to purchase products from foreign markets. Even though products like this tractor are easier to buy, consumers must still exercise their due diligence and ensure that the product they intend to purchase complies with all applicable U.S. safety and import laws,” said Cleatus P. Hunt, Jr., CBP’s Area Port Director for the Area Port of Philadelphia.

Consumers considering overseas purchases of vehicles or engines should read EPA’s importation guidance and NHTSA’s rules governing the lawful importation of vehicles. NTHSA also offers answers to some common vehicle importing questions and concerns.
 

CBP seizes $3.5 million worth of counterfeit luxury jewelry in One Consignment Sent from China to Puerto Rico - U.S. Department of Treasury

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico – U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers at an express consignment location seized a shipment containing fake designer jewelry worth $3.5 million, had it been genuine.

The consignment was intercepted on Feb. 20, originating from China and destined for a residence in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.  The package contained 660 jewelry items such as rings, bracelets and necklaces, which resembled the well-known luxury brand Van Cleef & Arpels’ “Alhambra” line.   

"Buying counterfeit luxury jewelry from China may seem like a bargain, but it often fuels criminal enterprises involved in money laundering, forced labor, and even organized crime. These counterfeit networks exploit workers, evade taxes, and undermine legitimate businesses while funding illicit activities such as human trafficking and drug trade,” stated Efrain Rivas, Assistant Director of Field Operations for Trade at the San Juan Field Office. “ Every purchase supports an underground economy that thrives on deception and exploitation."

CBP recommends consumers recognize the red flags to look for when shopping discounts:

• Purchasing goods directly from the trademark holder, original manufacturer, or from authorized retailers.
• Educating yourself on prices of legitimate goods.  If the item is priced well below fair market value, the likelihood is higher that the merchandise being considered for purchase is counterfeit.  If a price seems too good to be true, then it probably is.
• Staying away from web sites that do not offer customer service contact information, return policies, and legitimate phone numbers.
• Reviewing CBP’s E-Commerce Counterfeit Awareness Guide for Consumers for more detailed information.

CBP provides basic import information about admissibility requirements and the clearance process for e-commerce goods and encourages buyers to confirm that their purchases and the importation of those purchases comply with state and federal import regulations.

The dangers of buying counterfeit products aren’t always obvious to consumers. Particularly, when shopping online, beware of counterfeit goods. Fake goods can lead to real dangers. For more information, visit The Truth Behind Counterfeits page.

Suspected intellectual property rights violations, fraud, or illegal trade activity can be reported by contacting CBP through the e-Allegations Online Trade Violations Reporting System or by calling 1-800-BE-ALERT. Violations can also be reported to the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center at https://www.iprcenter.gov/referral/ or by telephone at 1-866-IPR-2060.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is America's frontline: the nation's largest law enforcement organization and the world's first unified border management agency. The 65,000+ men and women of CBP protect America on the ground, in the air, and on the seas. We facilitate safe, lawful travel and trade and ensure our country's economic prosperity. We enhance the nation's security through innovation, intelligence, collaboration, and trust.